Unveiling the Functional Component in Post-Concussive Cognitive Impairment: A Novel Modelling Approach

Abstract

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common public health problem that significantly affects millions of people, especially people in high-risk occupations. Post-concussive cognitive impairment (PCCI) is a prevalent and debilitating outcome of mTBI that has a major impact on cognitive function as well as quality of life, thus affecting long-term health outcomes. Of all traumatic brain injuries, mTBI accounts for 58-88%, according to epidemiological studies. However, mTBI sufferers report a multitude of cognitive and emotional symptoms that constitute post-concussive syndrome (PCS). The most reported symptoms include fatigue, headaches, sensitivity to noise, anxiety, and depression. Although there is progress in understanding biochemical and structural changes after mTBI, memory, attention, and processing speed in PCCI remain poorly understood. This study aims to develop a regression model based on the modified version of Brown's disease cognition model. This model describes both cognitive and behavioural responses as indicators of functional aspects in PCS. In this study, data from 45 patients were analysed to reveal the functional nature of cognitive impairment in PCS, to open the way for more precise interventions. In addition to investigating the physiological aspects of PCS, we aim to recognise the inherent social dimension of the experiences of individuals affected by PCS. Additionally, the often subtle and non-observable nature of symptoms can bring challenges in interpersonal relationships, emphasising the need to enhance  awareness among family, colleagues, and employers of the cognitive and behavioural aspects of PCS.